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- THE GULF, Page 43AMERICA ABROADMosque vs. Palace
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- By Strobe Talbott
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- RIYADH
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- The U.S. Navy lieutenant was off duty and out of uniform.
- For a shopping trip in downtown Riyadh, she had put on an
- abayya, the head-to-toe, long-sleeved robe that Saudi women
- usually wear in public. That wasn't good enough for the mutawa,
- the vigilantes who enforce Muslim religious laws against
- impiety and immodesty. A member of the group accosted her as
- she was entering a shop, prodded her painfully with a long
- stick and berated her for neglecting to veil her face. A
- merchant rushed to her defense and explained that she was an
- American, part of the international effort to save the country.
- Barely missing a beat, the morals cop switched into English and
- continued his harangue more angrily than ever.
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- Western influence in Saudi Arabia has reached the point at
- which an agent of obscurantism and xenophobia can now
- vituperate against foreigners in their own language. The
- conservative clergy is still a powerful force here, and it is
- by no means reconciled to King Fahd's decision to ask infidels
- to help protect the kingdom.
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- U.S. experts on the Middle East have been concerned for
- years that the House of Saud might be vulnerable, not just to
- opponents who consider the monarchy an anachronism but also to
- Islamic fundamentalists who would, if they could, turn the
- country into a theocracy that would make the present regime,
- even with the mutawa, seem futuristic by comparison.
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- When the Ayatullah Khomeini became the regional monster a
- dozen years ago, Washington feared he would export his
- revolution across the gulf. That was one reason the U.S. at the
- time backed Khomeini's enemy, Saddam Hussein.
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- Last fall the CIA warned the White House that Operation
- Desert Shield could, if it continued too long, worsen
- underlying tensions between mosque and palace in Saudi Arabia.
- It was largely with that danger in mind that General Norman
- Schwarzkopf, the U.S. commander, told his officers, "Let's be
- careful we don't win the war but lose the peace." There's no
- way nearly 400,000 troops can be invisible, but there are
- plenty of ways they can respect local customs. That's why quite
- a few women in the U.S. contingent bought abayyas before they
- did any other shopping.
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- Still, before the Baker-Aziz meeting, several senior members
- of the royal family had privately told President Bush that they
- feared "strains in our society" if Desert Shield continues
- indefinitely and inconclusively. A top Administration Arabist
- has predicted that if American forces are still camped in the
- desert during the holy month of Ramadan, which begins in
- mid-March, the result could be "an increase in clandestine
- opposition from religious extremists, with possible
- destabilizing results." Many Saudis reacted with something like
- relief to the apparent breakdown of diplomacy last week. If
- there is to be a military moment of truth, better it come
- quickly.
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- The fundamentalists suspect, correctly, that
- Western-educated Saudis hope one outcome of the current crisis
- will be to accelerate the process of modernization. If a war
- against Saddam is quick, decisive and not too bloody, the
- reformist elements in Saudi society will feel encouraged to
- open the country further to the outside world. The U.S. men --
- and women -- now in Saudi Arabia may not be fighting directly
- for democracy, but they could end up contributing to the
- liberalization and therefore the long-term viability of the
- kingdom.
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